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"Shakespeare" identified in Edward De Vere, the seventeenth earl of Oxford
- Sales Rank: #583963 in eBooks
- Published on: 2013-07-03
- Released on: 2013-07-03
- Format: Kindle eBook
Review
"Shakespeare" Identified in Edward de Vere the Seventeenth Earl of Oxford
Preliminary Note
Introduction
CHAPTER I
The Stratfordian View
Growing scepticism; Ignatius Donnelly; Anti-Stratfordian authorities; "Shakespeare" and law; "Shakespeare's" education; Halliwell-Phillipps; William Shakspere's early life; Shakspeare and Burns; William Shakspere's three periods; Closing period; The Will; Ben Jonson; Hemming and Condell; Penmanship; The "Shakespeare" manuscripts; The First Polio; Obituary silence; William Shakspere's middle period; No participation in publication; Uncertain duration; Uncertain habitation; The great alibi; William Shakspere's silence; Character of contemporary notices; The Stratfordian impossibility; Absence of incidents; No letters; William Shakspere as actor; Municipal records; As London actor; Accounts of Treasurer of Chamber; Missing Lord Chamberlain's books; Notable omissions; Summary.
CHAPTER II
Character of the Problem and Method of Solution
Authorship a mystery; A solution required; Literary authorities; " Shakespeare's" voluntary self-effacement; Genius; Maturity and masterpieces; A modem problem; The method of solution; Stages outlined.
CHAPTER III
The Author: General Features
Recognized genius and mysterious; Appearance of eccentricity; A man apart; Apparent inferiority to requirements of the work; An Englishman of literary tastes; Dramatic interests; A lyric poet; Classical education; Summary.
CHAPTER IV
The Author: Special Characteristics
His feudal partialities; Aristocratic outlook; Lancastrian leanings; Enthusiast for Italy; Sporting tastes; Music; Negligent in money matters; Mixed attitude towards woman; Catholicism and Scepticism; Summary.
CHAPTER V
The Search and Discovery
Choice of guide; Narrowing the operations; The point of contact; The actual quest; An important poem; Seeking expert support ; First indications ; Dictionary of National Biography ; Selection justified; Competing solutions.
CHAPTER VI
Conditions Fulfilled
Personal traits; Personal circumstances; Summary of points attested; Remaining points: Sport, Lancastrianism, Woman, Religion.
CHAPTER VII
Edward de Vere as Lyric Poet
Expert testimony; Dr. Grosart's collection; Oxford's early poetry; Hidden productions; The great literary transition embodied in De Vere; Oxford's style and Shakespeare's. His character in his writings.
CHAPTER VIII
The Lyric Poetry of Edward de Vere
Six-lined stanza; Central theme; Personality; Haggard hawk; Lily and damask rose; Love's difficulties; Love's penalties; Mental distraction; Interrogatives; Stanzas formed of similar lines; A peculiar literary form; Loss of good name; Fortune and Nature; Desire for pity; Echo poems; Romeo and Juliet; The Lark; Tragedy and Comedy.
CHAPTER IX
Records and Early Life of De Vere
Reputation of the Earl of Oxford; Reasons for concealment; The shadow lifting; Need for reinterpretation; False stories; Ancestry of Edward de Vere; Shakespeare and Richard II; Shakespeare and high birth; The Earls of Oxford in the Wars of the Roses; Shakespeare and the Earls of Oxford; The Great Chamberlain; Father of Edward de Vere; Shakespeare and Father worship; A royal ward; "All's well"; a remarkable parallel; Education; Arthur Golding's Ovid; De Vere and law; Life and book-learning; The universities; Relationship with the Cecils; General experiences; Dancing; Shooting; Horsemanship; Early poetry.
CHAPTER X
Early Manhood
Marriage; Sordid considerations; Oxford and Burleigh; Burleigh and literary men; Burleigh's espionage; Hostility; Raleigh; Desire for travel; Unauthorized travel; Visit to Italy; Shake -------
CHAPTER X
Early Manhood
Marriage; Sordid considerations; Oxford and Burleigh; Burleigh and literary men; Burleigh's espionage; Hostility; Raleigh; Desire for travel; Unauthorized travel; Visit to Italy; Shakespeare and travel; Oxford in Italy; Domestic rupture; An Othello argument; A sensational discovery; Kicking over the traces; Burleigh's methods of warfare.
CHAPTER XI
Manhood of De Vere. Middle Period. Dramatic Foreground
Gabriel Harvey; Holofernes; Oxford and Berowne; Philip Sidney; Bovet; Eccentricity; Vulgar scandal; Dramatic activities; Anthony Munday; Agamemnon and Ulysses; Troilus and Cressida; Lyly and the Oxford Boys; Shakespeare and Lyly; Apparent inactivity; Spenser and De Vere; Spenser's ''Willie"; Shakespeare and "Will.'
CHAPTER XII
Manhood of De Vere. An Interlude
Execution of Mary Queen of Scots and funeral of Philip Sidney; Oxford and his times; Shakespeare and politicians; Mary Queen of Scots and Portia; Spanish Armada and Shakespeare; Death of Lady Oxford.
CHAPTER XIII
Manhood op De Vere. Final Period
Material difficulties; Second marriage; An important blank; Shakespeare's method of production; Dating the plays; Rapid issue; Dramatic reserves; Habits of revision; De Vere a precisionist; State plays and literature; Plays as poems; Henry Wriothesley a personal link; Contemporary parties; Southampton, Bacon and De Vere; Death of Queen Elizabeth; The Boar's Head Tavern and Gadshill; Death of De Vere.
CHAPTER XIV
Posthumous Considerations
An unfinished task; Death's arrest; ''Lear" and "Macbeth"; Three periods of Shakespeare publication; Posthumous publications; 'Pericles" and the Sonnets; "King Lear" and "Troilus"; "Hamlet"; First Polio; William Shakspere's purchases; William Shakspere's supposed retirement and Oxford's death; Loyal helpers; Henry Wriothesley; The 1602 gap; Horatio de Vere; The second Lady Oxford; The series of sonnets closes; Summary; A conclusive combination; The substitution.
CHAPTER XV
Poetic Self-Revelation. The Sonnets
Resume of points already treated; Southampton the better angel; W. H. and T. T.; The poet's age; Southampton and Oxford's daughter Elizabeth; a significant marriage proposal; Sentiment of the sonnets; The dark lady; Supplementary details; The inventor of the Shakespearean sonnet; An early sonnet by Edward de Vere; Romeo and Juliet.
CHAPTER XVI
Dramatic Self-revelation Hamlet
Shakespeare's contemporaries in his plays; The dramatist in his dramas; Hamlet and destiny; Hamlet is Shakespeare; De Vere as Hamlet; Hamlet's father and mother; Hamlet and Polonius; Ophelia; Horatio; Patron of Drama; Minor points; Hamlet and his times; Hamlet's dying appeal
CHAPTER XVII
Chronological Summary of Edward de Vere and Shakespeare
CHAPTER XVIII
Conclusion
APPENDIX I
The Tempest
A check; The Tempest and other comedies; Shakespeare's philosophy: Quality of the play; Dumb show and noise; Shakespearean details; Wit; A play apart; Medievalism; Woman; Horsemanship; Sport; Human nature; General Vocabulary; Not " Shakespeare's work.
APPENDIX II
Supplementary Matters
The "Posthumous" argument; Oxford's Crest; Martin Droeshout's engraving; The Grafton portrait. --The book itself contains this
Most helpful customer reviews
34 of 38 people found the following review helpful.
Not most recent but most basic
By Alan Venable
Despite its being about 80 years old and the first systematic study of Edward de Vere as Shakespeare, this is also still the best book on the subject. Anderson's recent biography of de Vere is also good and more fun to read, but Looney goes much more deeply into the span of basic arguments behind his conclusion that de Vere wrote all of "Shakespeare's" work, including closely examining the poetry that appeared under de Vere's own name and how it links to Shakespeare's poems and plays.
Looney doesn't spend a lot of pages on why Shakespeare of Stratford is unlikely to have written the works, but he does get into that some. A fun way to enter that topic is Mark Twain's short, marvelous "Is Shakespeare Dead Yet?"
Looney's style is outmoded, sometimes verbose and overly insistent, but there's so much meat on them bones that, if the subject matters to you, you'll get past these stylistic irritations. If they bug you too much, read Anderson instead.
One of the fascinating things is that Looney apparently began with a set of criteria, based on Shakespeare's works, about who their author must likely have been, and then used those criteria to pick out de Vere as the most likely candidate.
Although Looney's study was limited by knowledge still undiscovered at the time about de Vere's life (including his trial for atheism and other nastiness and his having a child with Anne Vavasor who was probably the dark lady of the sonnets), pretty much everything essential that Looney writes seems consistent with those more recent discoveries.
If you started exploring the authorship question with Alan Nelson's very recent biography of de Vere, don't let yourself think Nelson has answered the question without reading Looney and/or Anderson.
22 of 26 people found the following review helpful.
Pioneering revisionist Shakespeare work, with surprising implications
By Rerevisionist
Looney's double-o is for emphasis, in some languages, e.g. Dutch, as in 'brooch' - everyone points out he isn't pronounced to rhyme with 'loony'. This book was published in 1920, after some years' work. It's not the first alternative authorship book: in 1910 for example a Baconian work was published. Looney is always described as a schoolmaster or teacher in Gateshead (a town on the other side of the Tyne from Newcastle), though so far as I know, no school in the area claims him.
Looney's method was to comb the plays for clues as to character, then comb what's known of the Elizabethan world for a person to match, detective fashion. It would be inaccurate to state that controversy raged thereafter. He was largely ignored and shrugged off. But he must have made a bit of impact, since one volume of Galsworthy's Forsyte Saga mentions the theory.
This book therefore has some historical significance. Just a few notes:
[1] It's a tremendous proving-ground for theories of revisionism. Every possible attitude - derision, contempt, accusations of ignorance, etc - and every possible style of counter-argument - pulling of rank, ridicule, concentration on trivia etc - has been used against Looney, and, for that matter, by his supporters when on the defensive.
[2] In principle, deletion of the 'Stratford man' (probably an illiterate war profiteer in food) should allow a far better appreciation of the Elizabethan period. This means historians would have to do some hard work, however. (One edition of this book included an excellent description by Capt. Ward of England as engaged in a war with Spain, comparable with the First World War, and far removed from the ahistorical merrie England stereotype of for example 'Shakespeare in Love').
[3] What does it matter? - Well, there's an effect on educational theory. Occasionally , educators look at the real world, and even more occasionally, at genius. Their view of 'Shakespeare' therefore is of some importance. If the traditional story is correct, genius can appear anywhere, even to someone of little education, who is thought to be able to deduce almost everything about the world. But if Looney is right, education is of paramount importance. Present-day acceptance of poor educational standards therefore owes something to the 'Shakespeare' myth.
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I haven't seen this paperback, which I assume is a straight reprint of the 1920 book, 1920 typography and all.
Looney struck lucky - on his quest he found just one single published poem by Oxford, 'Women', which conformed to his checklist of characteristics. This was the clue which he followed up relentlessly.
There's a two volume American edition of 1975, edited by Ruth Lloyd Miller, which of course has added material - including a good piece by a Captain Ward, pointing out that there was war with Spain at the time and that as a result there was widespread poverty, famine, and high food prices. The 'merrie England' stuff as in 'Shakespeare in Love' is fnatasy. Miller's volumes are lavishly produced with may monochrome and colour reproductions of portraits etc.
However; I do have something of a warning. De Vere put his own life story into his plays and sonnets. As you come to understand 'Shakespeare' it becomes clear that de Vere was an aristocrat obsessed by his own sidelining - he was a monstrous egotist. His work describes Elizabeth's court with unsparing accuracy, but beneath it all is an aristocratic world view with no room for the masses - unless they are amusing writer/actor types.
A further point: the 'Shakspere' mythology has been guarded by a ridiculous corps of professional careerists. To this date, this still applies, though possibly the USA is shedding this absurd skin more successfully that Britain. However, a similar pattern is appearing amongst the Oxfordians, who have their own ring of paid journals and publications and speakers. I tried to get a 50 minute speech by Burford/Beauclerk on Youtube, to help diffuse the message more widely. He didn't want it up there, possibly on copyright grounds, or because he considered it lacklustre, though in my view it was an excellent introductory overview. Most of the content was Looney, paraphased.
6 of 6 people found the following review helpful.
Seminal work - just too bad it's so poorly edited
By Russael
This is a must read book, but unfortunately this version is marred badly by typographical errors. In a book where close reading of poetry is so central to the argument, the many, many errors mean that it is impossible to follow the proof except in a general sense. I am frustrated. Over and over Google advertises it was they who destroyed this book. Really badly done.
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